In order to study the self-healing characteristics of cracks in dispersive soil, a series of dispersibility identification tests, soil basic property tests and indoor crack scouring tests were conducted on natural dispersive soil samples from a mine in Xi’an City and soil samples from the reservoir area of a dam project, with quicklime and sodium carbonate as the dispersants. According to the tests, the effects of soil dispersibility, soil basic properties and inverted filter material gradation on the self-healing characteristics of cracks in dispersive soil were investigated. The test results show that under the same inverted filter material, the higher the dispersibility of the soil mass, the smaller the soil particles fallen from the crack surface after wetting and disintegration, the slower the crack healing and the better the final self-healing effect. The self-healing characteristics of cracks are influenced by the changes of various indicators such as the basic properties of soil, among which the influence of pH is the most significant. Under the same test soil sample, as the particle size of the inverted filter decreases, the auxiliary impermeability effect of the inverted layer and the crack healing quality improves.