Under the dual impacts of global climate change and human activities, droughts are widespread and frequent, which restricts the growth of vegetation, affects the structure of the ecosystem and threatens regional ecological security in turn. Taking the upper reaches of Luanhe River as the research area, the spatial distribution characteristics of meteorological droughts and vegetation growth conditions were analyzed and the differences in response of vegetation changes to the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) on multiple time scales were discussed, based on the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), enhanced vegetation index (EVI) of 2000-2019 and SPEI. The results showed that SPEI of Luanhe River increased with fluctuations in the past two decades, and the annual SPEI increased at a rate of 0.040 1/a; the drought area decreased in general, with a decreasing rate of -1.430 4/a. The spatial distribution and trend characteristics of NDVI and EVI were consistent, the growth rate of NDVI was as high as 0.027/a and that of EVI was 0.026/a, the vegetation coverage was high in the east and low in the west; there was a positive correlation between SPEI and vegetation indices in most areas, among which the response of NDVI to SPEI-3 and EVI to SPEI-6 were the strongest，but the correlation between EVI and SPEI was stronger than that between NDVI and SPEI in general. The grassland was the most sensitive to meteorological droughts, followed by the farmland, and the woodland was the weakest.