In order to reduce the harm of groundwater containing fluorine, iron and manganese to the livelihood of human lives, hydroxyapatite was synthesized by sol-gel method for the adsorption of these elements. The optimal adsorption performance parameters were selected by single factor rotation method to establish an isothermal adsorption model and adsorption kinetics equation. Then, the adsorption mechanism was analyzed by SEM, EDS, XRD and FTIR microscopic characterization methods, and the recycling property and practical application of hydroxyapatite were studied. The results show that the optimal adsorption conditions of hydroxyapatite are as follows: the dosage is 4 g/L, the reaction time is 150 min, and the reaction temperature is 35 ℃. Under these conditions, the removal rates of F-, Fe2+, and Mn2+ in the test water samples were 84.6%, 99.9%, and 99.8%, respectively, which met the requirements of standards for drinking water quality (GB 5749—2006).The adsorption of fluoride, iron and manganese by hydroxyapatite is in line with Langmuir isothermal adsorption, and the adsorption is a spontaneous endothermic entropy increase process, which conforms to the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation. The application of hydroxyapatite can achieve simultaneous adsorption and removal of F-, Fe2+, and Mn2+ in groundwater through physical adsorption, surface complexation reaction and ion exchange.