Aiming at the phenomenon of increasing frequency of extreme temperature events in Shaanxi Province in recent years, the daily temperature data of 34 meteorological stations in Shaanxi Province from 1960 to 2016 were selected, and the temporal and spatial variation law of extreme temperature events in Shaanxi Province was studied using linear trend analysis, M-K abrupt change test and wavelet analysis method. The results showed that according to the abrupt change analysis of the provincial and regional mean values of the extreme temperature indices, the frequencices of extreme cold temperature indices decreased and the values showed a downward trend, whereas the frequencies of extreme warm temperature indices increased and the values showed an upward trend. Among them, the weight of index abrupt change in Guanzhong region contributed the most to Shaanxi Province as a whole. The average temperature of each season in Shaanxi Province was at 11 a, 16 a or 29 a cycle, with 29 a as the main cycle (except that winter had 9 a as the main cycle). The main cycle of the extreme warm temperature indices of TR20, TX90p and TN90p was 5 a or 6 a, whereas that of the extreme cold temperature indices of ID0, TX10p and TN10p was 27 a, and the frequencies of extreme warm and cold temperature changes were consistent in the three regions of northern Shaanxi, Guanzhong and southern Shaanxi. Spatially, the temperature anomalies in Shaanxi Province from 1960 to 2016 showed similar patterns. The extreme warm temperature indices were generally on the rise and mainly concentrated in Guanzhong and southern Shaanxi regions, whereas the extreme cold temperature indices generally showed a downward trend and mainly concentrated in Guanzhong and northern Shaanxi. The extreme temperature index changes in each region of Shaanxi Province responded spontaneously to global warming.