The variation law of initial stormwater runoff pollutants under different land uses was explored and the control effect of sponge city construction technology on runoff pollution was compared and analyzed. First, through the visual interpretation of Landsat 8 satellite imagery, we classified the land cover of Yujiang Road study area (which is in the Jiefangnan Road experimental area of Hexi District, Tianjin City) into nine types of secondary land uses, Then, based on the classification and stormwater network data, the storm water management model (SWMM) of water quality was established and the relevant parameters were calibrated accordingly. With this model, the pollution characteristics of typical runoff pollutant suspended solid (SS) and the reduction effects of low impact development (LID) controls on SS were simulated.The results showed that under the situation of different land uses and return periods, the runoff pollutants uniformly increased then decreased, and finally stabilized at a certain range, which was the manifestation of the initial stormwater runoff pollution effect. When block paver and bio retention cells of LID controls were applied to the rainfall runoff, SS was evidently reduced; however, the reduction effect was not evident after the treatment capacity was saturated with the increase of the rainfall intensity.