In the cold areas at high altitude, the temperature field is an important factor affecting the stability of the surrounding rock in hydraulic tunnels. In order to study the characteristics and evolution law of hydraulic tunnels under different environmental conditions, the finite element simulation calculation was used to analyze the temperature field and its evolution law of a hydraulic tunnel in the cold area of Xinjiang under different natural ventilation temperature and different wind speed based on the on-site monitoring data. The results showed that the natural ventilation temperature had an obvious effect on the axial and radial surrounding rock temperature of the tunnel, however it decreased gradually with the increase of time. The natural ventilation for 150 days affected the radial surrounding rock depth at about 10 m, with the greatest temperature change of 0-2 m. When the wind speed increased from 1 m/s to 4 m/s, the axial and radial surrounding rock temperature gradually decreased, and the temperature variation of the surrounding rock decreased as the axial and radial distance increased.