Based on the monthly precipitation data of 19 meteorological stations in Guizhou Province from 1960 to 2014, the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of annual precipitation and maximum montly precipitation for 55 years were analyzed by means of linear regression fitting, cumulative anomaly and Mann-Kendall mutation test. The results indicated that: the annual precipitation in the south was less than the north in Guizhou Province from 1960 to 2014, and with a rate of -17.815 mm/10a decreasing. The change has been particularly unstable since the 1980s. The precipitation in the karst trough has increased significantly from 1960 to 2014, while the karst basin has a declining trend. The karst gorge, karst trough and non-karst areas have been unstable in recent years. Precipitation was significantly affected by complex karst landforms and monsoons. The obvious extreme drought and flood climate will have an adverse impact on crop growth and socio-economic development. The results are of great significance for the research on key issues of water-saving agriculture such as short-term climate prediction and the formulation of drought and flood disaster warning.