Statistical analysis of variation characteristics and trend from 2006 to 2015 of aquatic eco-environment quality in Jiangsu Province were carried out based on the monitoring data of surface water. A data fitting work for main water quality indicators in Taihu Lake was done as well. It was found that there was a significant improvement trend for aquatic eco-environment quality in Jiangsu Province, and the concentrations of main quality indicator all performance a decrease trend during the studied 10 years. The main water quality indicators in Taihu Lake decreased significantly, and the concentrations of permanganate index and ammonia nitrogen entered into a stabilization period and the concentration of total nitrogen closed to a stabilization period. The phosphorous concentration in Taihu Lake was still unstable. The data also indicated that the improvement degree of aquatic eco-environment quality in Chinese 12th five-year-plan period was less than that in 11th five-year-plan period. The improvement for aquatic eco-environment quality already entered the critical phase to overcome difficulties.