To understand the relationship between the damage mechanism and physical and mechanical parameters of sandstone under the freeze-thaw cycling,, five non-destructive testing methods (resistance test, acoustic test, titration test, CT scan and local microscopic magnification technology) were used to detect rock samples after freeze-thaw cycle test under low-stress cyclic load. According to the test results, the damage and degradation mode of sandstone under the action of freeze-thaw cycle is determined and the flow chart of its degradation mode was drawn. CT scanning was used to obtain the variation law of rock sample CT value, and freeze-thaw degradation and freeze-thaw binding were found. The sensitivity of rock samples' physical and dynamic mechanical parameters to freeze-thaw action is ranked as follows: damping ratio (λ)> dynamic poisson's ratio (ud)> resistivity (ρ)> damping coefficient (C)> longitudinal wave velocity (v)> infiltration area (S)> dynamic mode (Ed)> mass (m); therefore, when the degree of freeze-thaw of sandstone can be quantitatively detected, the parameter types of priority detection can be selected according to the sensitivities of parameters to freeze-thaw action to reduce the workload of detection. Through the quantitative comparison and analysis, the correlations among various parameters in nondestructive testing were proposed, and the quantitative relationships among two parameters of following each other: mass, damping ratio, dynamic poisson's ratio, damping coefficient, longitudinal wave velocity and dynamic mode. Therefore, the variation trend of one parameter can be predicted through the variation law of another parameter, and the number of parameters needed can be effectively reduced when the test conditions and times are limited.