The mechanical properties of 50 concrete cube specimens with size of 100 mm×100 mm×100 mm were tested under different cooling modes after high temperature. The effects of natural and spray cooling on Young's modulus, compressive strength and peak stress were analyzed at five different temperatures: normal temperature (20℃), 200℃, 400℃, 600℃and 800℃. In addition, the mass loss and failure modes of the specimens with different cooling methods after high temperature were discussed. The results showed that with the increase of temperature, the mass loss rate of the two cooling methods increases gradually. The mass loss of the spray cooling specimen was smaller than that of the natural cooling specimen, and the longitudinal wave velocity, Young's modulus and compressive strength decreased, The spray water cooling test piece has a greater reduction when the temperature exceeds 400℃. As the temperature increases, the peak stress of the stress-strain curve decreases significantly, the corresponding peak strain increases significantly, and the slope of the elastic phase curve decreases significantly.