Based on the statistical data of Xi'an from 2005 to 2017, a coupling and coordination model between urbanization and water resources environment was constructed. The coupling relationship and influencing factors between urbanization and water resources environment in Xi'an were analyzed and predicted. The results showed that the coupling degree of urbanization and water resources environment in Xi'an from 2005 to 2017 was between 0.3299 and 0.9675, and the overall trend was increase with fluctuations, and 70% of the years are highly coordinated coupling. 2005-2012 is the stage of urbanization development lagging behind the water resources environment, and 2013-2017 is the stage of the water resources environment ahead of urbanization development. Benefited from a series of fruitful measures of Xi'an, the environmental status of water resources improved.But compared with the rapid development of urbanization, it still appears to be relatively lagging. The water resources environmental index will be lower than the urbanization comprehensive index for a long time. Although the water resources environment has improved in 2020, it still cannot meet the rapid development of urbanization. The shortage of water resources will be a long-term major problem of the urban development of Xi'an. Therefore, it is imperative to strengthen water resources protection, improve municipal water supply and sewage treatment capacity, and enhance public awareness of water conservation.