In order to study the change characteristics of hydrological and meteorological factors of Jingou River Basin under the global climate change background, the measured monthly runoff data, and the synchronous measured temperature and precipitation data from 1964 to 2016 of Bajiahu Hydrological Station in Jingou River Basin in inland arid area were selected. Based on the accumulated variance analysis method, R/S method and Mann-Kendall trend test method, we analyzed the evolution law of hydrometeorological elements, and the correlation coefficient between runoff and temperature or precipitation by Pearson correlation coefficient method. By combining partial correlation with data sliding window technology, we analyzed the relationship and variation characteristics between runoff and meteorological elements (temperature and precipitation). Finally, the double cumulative curve method was used to verify the variation points. The results found that：the runoff data from 1964 to 2016 in Jingou River Basin has an increased trend, but not significant (0α/2=1.96), and the annual runoff would continue to rise for the foreseeable future (H=0.68>0.5). At the same time, the temperature in the interval had a very significant increase trend (U=4.33>Uα/2=2.56>0), and the future temperature would show a significant continuous increase trend (H=0.78>0.5). Meanwhile, precipitation in the interval had a significant increase trend (U=2.13>Uα/2=1.96>0), and precipitation would continue to increase in the future (H=0.54>0.5). The correlation analysis found that temperature was the main meteorological factor affecting runoff in Jingou River. The sliding partial correlation coefficient method results showed that the variation point of the runoff and temperature joint sequence was in 1985, and the result was consistent with those verified by the double cumulative curve method.