In view of the urgent needs of water resources assessment and management in the Aksu River in future, the study tried to discuss the possibility of using the standardized runoff index (SRI) to identify the hydrological drought events in the Aksu River. By Combining with the percentage of runoff anomaly, the critical value of the hydrological drought grade was determined by the SRI. The results showed that the SRI can effectively identify the hydrological drought events of the Aksu River, and the trends of SRI under different seasons showed that the possibility of the flood in spring, summer and drought in winter in the Aksu River was gradually increasing, which would increase the risk for water resource utilization and management.