Using the 9 Landsat images in 2016 and the measured water quality data of the corresponding period, the water quality parameters were retrieved from Changsha section of Xiangjiang, and the risk and vulnerability related concepts in disaster risk were introduced, and the water risk in the Changsha section of Xiangjiang was analyzed with the spatial analysis function of the ArcGIS software. The results showed that the high risk areas are mainly distributed on both sides of Xiangjiang, and are located in the areas with dense risk sources, and the higher risk areas are mainly located on both sides of Xiangjiang and the location of the bridge in the drinking water source area, the middle risk area is mainly distributed in the drinking water source area; the lower risk area and the low risk area are mainly located in the transitional area and the recreational water consumption area.The introduction of remote sensing technology in traditional water risk assessment makes the assessment methods more diverse and the impact factors more comprehensive. The results of this study provide a certain reference value for river water manage-ment departments to carry out water risk assessment, related waters risk early warning and the formulation of regulation scheme.