Nanomaterials have special physical and chemical properties, which are widely used in various fields and in the end will enter the subsurface environment(soil and groundwater environment) inevitably. Because of the potential environmental pollution risks of nanomaterials, their transportation in the subsurface environment need to be deeply studied. Based on the study of the transportation of nanomaterials in the subsurface environment, the classification of nanomaterials, the mechanism of nanomaterial transportation, the mathematical simulation and the related factors affecting the transportation are summarized in detail. The scientific questions which need further studying including the processes, mechanism and mathematical model of the transportation of nanomaterials in subsurface environment are then proposed.