Taking the whole China and the whole Hunan Province as reference zones, the temporal dynamic change and spatial difference of the relative population carrying capacity of water resources (RPCCWR), relative agricultural carrying capacity of water resources (RACCWR) and relative economic carrying capacity of water resources (RECCWR) were calculated for the whole Hunan Province and its 14 cities from 2000 to 2015 were analyzed. The result showed that Hunan Province was at the stage of relatively abundance of water resources. However, the RCCWR for Hunan Province changed largely from 2000 to 2015 and it distributed unevenly across the whole province. The economic development was lagged. As far as dynamic change of water resource was concerned, both RPCCWR and GDP were in a state of double surplus, while RACCWR has gradually changed from surplus to overloaded. The RPCCWR, RACCWR and RECCWR were in triple surplus and the potential RCCWR was relatively high(except in 2011). Taking spatial distribution of RCCWR into account, the potential of RPCCWR, RACCWR and RECCWR was high in the west and south of Hunan Province, and low in the north, east and middle. The study provides a scientific reference for reasonable utilization of water and land and sustainable economic development in Hunan Province.