Through the 3D numerical analysis on the effect of a large deep shaft excavation，the deformation of surrounding soil and excavation surface in the shaft excavation process, the deformation rules and the stress distribution in the supporting structure are investigated. The results indicate that the settlement of the surrounding soil shapes with a spoon distribution in a certain range, the excavation surface of the shaft bottom shapes with parabolic uplift, and the ring beam support structure has a good inhibitory effect on the radial displacement of the underground continuous wall, and internal force of the ring beam is affected seriously by asymmetric excavation. So it should be fully considered when structural mechanical calculation is carried out.