To research the influences of supporting parameters (e.g., bolt length and bolt circular spacing) on surrounding rock`s equivalent lithological parameters in numerical simulation, the model tests tunnel`s excavation and loading with different supporting parameters were conducted for Ningbo General mountain tunnel, the influences of changing bolt length and bolt spacing` on tunnel vault displacement were studied. Through the numerical inversion analysis of model tests, the variation of surrounding rock equivalent lithological parameters (modulus of elasticity, cohesion and angle of internal friction) in numerical simulation, and the method of equivalent numerical simulation of bolt anchoring effects in different supporting parameters were obtained, respectively. The results showed that, in numerical analysis, when the bolt length increased 0.5 m, the anchorage zone rock`s elastic modulus increased by about 3%, the cohesive force increased by about 0.8%, but the angle of internal friction were almost unchanged; when the bolt spacing decreased 0.5 m, the anchorage zone rock`s elastic modulus increased by about 17%, the cohesive force increased by about 4% to 5%, and the angle of internal friction increased by about 3.4%.