The paper studied sediment on surface and heavy metal in iron ore tailings on both sides of Lihe river.The results show that the mineral component of surface sediments and the feature of heavy metal are consistent with the tailings, the total content of heavy metal is Fe>Mn>Zn>Pb>Cu>Cd.Speciation analysis showed that the residue states of Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn occupy an absolute advantage.Pb mainly exists in exchangeable form and residual form.Cd only has exchangeable form and carbonate form.The assessment adopted risk assessment code(RAC) and mean sediment quality guideline quotient(SQG-Q).Results show that Pb and Cd in surface sediments have a very high risk to nvironment,and it is necessary to pay more attention to their potential toxicity risk.