Kensiwate hydraulic project in Xinjiang is an important part of economic development program in Manas River irrigation area. In view of the role and possible effect of the hydraulic project after it is built,This paper used two research methods such as field research and analysis of field measured data, detailed explained the impact of engineering operation on temporal and spatial distribution of water resources, flood control operation, ecological environment and aquatic organism from the evolution tendency and the exploitation of water resources in Manas River irrigation area. The result showed that the engineering construction will not produce too much negative influence on water resources and ecological environment of the irrigation area, instead it will improve the utilization efficiency of water resources of the irrigation area. The result can provide a scientific basis for the comprehensive assessment of the role and impact of water conservancy project in arid region.