From the perspective of water chemistry,the paper used hydrochemistry data of 164 groups in shallow groundwater of Guanzhong Basin to analyze water chemical characteristics and law of water cycle.The result showed that water chemical types present obvious horizontal distribution characteristics.At the south of Weihe river and the west of Jinghe river,the shallow groundwater is main HCO3 type water and its hydrochemical type is simple,and salinity is much less than 1g/L; at the east of Jinghe river,there are Cl-、SO42- type water exposed in shallow groundwater, the hydrochemical type is complex and salinity is higher; TDS have positive correlation with Na+,Cl- and SO42-;shallow groundwater has the double features of valley and basin type.