Based on the precipitation data of 25 weather stations in the Tarim River basin from 1961 to 2007,the paper analyzed the nonlinear temporal and spatial change of precipitation in the basin,and predicated the future change by using Mann-Kendall, R/S analysis and wavelet analysis and periodic superimposed trend model.The result indicated that from 1961 to 2007,precipitation integrally appeared a upward trend in the Tarim River sasin. The precipitation in north of Tarim River basin showed a more significant increase trend than that in south of Tarim River basin.The very obvious increase regions of precipitation colludes Akesu River basin, Dina River basin, Kuche-Weigan River basin and the mainstream of Tarim River basin.And there was a high value center of precipitation increase in the origin area of Akusu River basin and the mainstream of Tarim River basin,the maximum precipitation happened in Aheqi. There is a high value center of precipitation decrease in the origin area of Bayinbuluke.The maximum decrease rate of precipitation took place in Bayinbulu. The Hurst indexs in Tarim River Basin and sub basin are all more than 0.5,which showed that precipitation in the future will keep the obvious upward trend in the Tarim River basin.Compared with data from 1998 to 2007,The maximum increase value of average precipitation will be in Dina River basin of Tarim River basin and Kuche-Weigan River basin during 2015 to 2020.