In order to better cope with the impact of sensitive ecosystems in central asia on our country and promote the coperative development and utilization of resources between China and central asian countrys,the paper took Tajikistan as study area, analyzed the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of climatic factors in the country from 1980 to 2010 by means of GIS platform and statistical methods. Ultimately,so as to provide a scientific reference for Tajikistan to carry out monitoring, diagnosis, assessment, impact estimation and countermeasures on climate change. The result shows that Tajikistan's temperature kept rising from 1980 to 2010 and its average growth rate came to 0.30℃/10a. The spatial distribution of this country's annual average temperature is higher in the east region and lower in the west.The country's annual precipitation presented a steady trend in general. However, its interannual fluctuation of precipitation is large. The change trend of precipitation across the country kept increasing before 1990s, then it showed the decrease trend except that of Sughd. The spatial distribution of precipitation change has significant difference,and is more obvious in longitude. Precipitation increases from east to west.