The water quality identification index was used to evaluate water quality situation of seven water systems in Hebei province from 2005 to 2010. Based on the results, the paper analyzed the features of spatial and temporal variation of water quality in the seven water systems. Finally,it used principal component analysis and correlation analysis methods to explore the impacts of typical human activities on water quality. The result shows that the river water quality in Hebei province presented good tendency from 2005 to 2010. The water quality of Luan river, the upper stream of Beisan river and Yongding river in 2010 all reached grade Ⅲ and above. The water quality pollution of Ziya river, Zhangweina canals and Heilonggangyundong water systems was reduced, and the values of comprehensive water quality identification index of which dropped 16.9%, 51.3% and 16.9% respectively in 2010 compared with that in 2005, but the water pollution of Daqing river is getting more serious. The spatial variations of water quality show that the main water pollution indices are CODMn, BOD5 and NH3-N. The water quality in northern areas in Hebei province is better than that in central and southern areas. Urban population density, industrial gross output, proportion of arable land and other human activity parameters present significantly positive correlations with single factor water quality evaluation results of NH3-N, CODMn and BOD5.