The paper used 3D finite element method and simulated the construction process of gravity dam of roller compacted concrete to carry out the calculation of temperature control simulation. It analyzed the natural cooling measures of dam ,and the compulsory cooling measures after placement and operation and after two years. The influence of the measures on temperature field and stress field. The results show that the forced cooling has greater influence on stress of strong restraint area,and has less influence on stress of other areas. The temperature stress of forced cooling scheme is greater than that of natural cooling scheme. Therefore, when carrying out forced cooling, the cooling time should be reasonably chosen so as to avoid producing high temperature stress of dam from forced cooling and to produce temperature stress crack.