According to ecological economic theory and using SD model approach, based on the feedback relationship between economic growth, ecological environment and social change, this paper built “environment-society-economy” structural model in Chaohu lake basin. Through seting the relationship of environment, society and economy, using system analysis software Vensim PLE, this paper discussed the operation law of “environment-society-economy” of Chaohu lake basin, witch include the priority mode of economic development, the natural reference mode and the environmental development model. It finally reached the optimum mode through comparing these three models.The result can provide guidance for sustainable development of Chaohu lake basin.