The test device of infiltration pipe anti filter penetration of self design was used to carry out anti filter penetration test for a water diversion project in Xinjiang so as to study the permeability characteristics in two conditions of clean water and muddy water under the comprehensive role of four filter and riverbed material. The results show that the anti-filter water seepage of clean water test has good effect; the permeability coefficient of filter material of muddy water test is reduced with the increase of falling slurry thickness.The effect of effluent water of infiltration pipe is not obvious.The paper analyzed the cause of impacting the role of filter soil and drain of anti-filter material，witch can put forward reasonable proposals for designers.