Nowadays, the eutrophication of natural water bodies is becoming more and more serious, and as a result the phosphorus in bottom sediment increases day by day. The status of different phosphorus distributions can change with the variation of natural environmental. Distribution of phosphorus speciation in bottom sediment has important effect on controlling the concentration of phosphorus in water. The paper studied the phosphorus speciation in bottom sediment samples of 12lakes by using five steps sequential extraction. The experimental results indicated that phosphorus combined with calcium accounts for 60% of the total phosphorus in average. X-Ray diffraction analysis on the sediment proved that there is high content of crystallized calcium minerals in all 12samples, witch accounted for 49% in average. Besides phosphorus combined with calcium, a part of phosphorus is bounded to chemical compound of iron and manganese, contributes for 18% to the total phosphorus in average. Phosphorus bounded by aluminum and clay minerals contributes 8%, which is similar to the 9% residue phosphorus. The least phosphorus loosed sorbed one, which is 6% in average. The method of study on phosphorus speciation has important significance for understanding the phosphorus speciation in bottom sediment and he migration and transformation principles of phosphorus between water body and bottom sediment.