The quantity of runoff and sediment has been attenuated in Beiluo River basin since 1970s and has been reduced significantly since 2000. By using the hydrological series of data from 1956to 2006, the paper analyzed the feature variation of water sediment in the upstream of Beiluo River, and water and sediment variation in the condition of different underlying surfaces and precipitation, and the typical flood and water sediment variation before and after the influence of human activities. It also probed the cause of water and sediment change, quantitatively estimated the effect of precipitation change and human activities on runoff and sediment. The result can provide basic technical support for the sustainable utilization and protection of water resources.